Artificial Intelligence The Driving Force For The 4th Industrial Revolution

By Dr. Felix Hovsepian
 
The term, “Artificial Intelligence” (“AI”) was coined in 1956 by a mathematician John McCarthy, however a more modern definition provided by Dr. Eric Horvitz makes is perhaps better suited to our modern needs. This definition also makes it clear that we’re primarily interested in modeling those aspects of intelligence (thinking) that are amenable to “computation” [1]:
"AI is the scientific study of the computational principles behind thought, and intelligent behaviour"
 
In addition, Dr. Horvitz describes the 4-pillars of AI:
• Learning
• Natural Language (communication)
• Reasoning
• Perception
One of the pillars, “Machine Learning” (ML) was first defined by Arthur Samuels in 1959 as,
“A Field of study that gives computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed”
and what Samuels had in mind was that we program a machine to learn how to undertake a task from the data (and training) that it has been given. [2]
There are many kinds of ...